The deoxyribonucleic acid (Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA) contains the genetic information
specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life and of most
resources viruses. Exceptions are viruses whose genetic material is a ribonucleic acid molecule
(Ribonucleic Acid, RNA). In eukaryotes, most DNA is in the
core, while a small amount is in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
The DNA molecules of a eukaryotic cell having a length of more than 2 m, therefore, to
fit in the core should be condensed. This is accomplished by attaching DNA to
a group of basic, positively charged proteins, histones, and a heterogeneous group of
proteins (non-histones). The DNA molecules are wound around histones and forming
nucleosomes, which are the structural unit of chromatin.
Histones are divided into five major families, the H1 / H5, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Each
nucleosome consists of a histone central part
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