Η αποµόνωση του D.N.A. δεν είναι κά

Η αποµόνωση του D.N.A. δεν είναι κάτι απλό. Υπάρχουν διάφορα πρωτόκολλα για τα
πειράµατα αποµόνωσης του D.N.A. .Μερικά φαίνονται απλά. Υπάρχουν επίσης διαφορές
ανάλογα µε το είδος ιστού, φυτικός (τοµάτα, κρεµµύδι, µπανάνα, ακτινίδιο, φράουλα) ή
ζωικός (επιθηλιακά κύτταρα από την στοµατική µας κοιλότητα, θύµος αδένας, ήπαρ από
κοτόπουλο ή µοσχάρι). Σε κάθε περίπτωση απαιτείται να κατανοήσουµε σαφώς το που
βρίσκεται το D.N.A., τη δοµή του µορίου του, µε ποιες τεχνικές και µε ποια υλικά
επιδιώκουµε την αποµόνωσή του, .έτσι ώστε το πείραµα να είναι διδακτικά χρήσιµο για τους
µαθητές.
• Απορρυπαντικό: Για να σπάσουν οι µεµβράνες των κυττάρων, στις οποίες
επικρατούν οι υδρόφοβοι δεσµοί των φωσφολιπιδίων. Η παρουσία των ιόντων Να+
βοηθά ώστε το σπάσιµο αυτό να γίνεται όχι µηχανικά (βίαια), αλλά χηµικά µε το
σπάσιµο των ηλεκτροστατικών δεσµών µεταξύ πρωτεϊνών και DNA µε αποτέλεσµα
την καταβύθιση των πρωτεϊνών.
• Θέρµανση: ∆ιευκολύνεται το σπάσιµο των κυττάρων, γιατί αυξάνει η διαδικασία της
λύσης των κυτταρικών τους µεµβρανών. Παράλληλα οι νουκλεάσες (εξωνουκλεάσες
και ενδονουκλεάσες) των κυττάρων αδρανοποιούνται λόγω µετουσίωσης και δεν
δρουν εναντίον των ινιδίων των νουκλεϊκών οξέων για να τα κόψουν σε µικρότερα
κοµµάτια.

Αποτελέσματα (Αγγλικά) 1:

The isolation of D.N.A. from µ is not something simple. There are various protocols for theµ µ ATA experiments from the D.N.A. insulation. Some seem simple. There are also differencesDepending on the type of tissue µ, vegetable (µ µ µ t ATA, ydi, µ bananas, Kiwi, strawberry) oranimal (epithelial cells by µ µ in dramatic Let's cavity victim µ ND gland, liver fromchicken or µ oschari). In any case required to understand clearly that µ eis the D.N.A., structure or µ µ µ e, limit what techniques and µ e what materialspursue the µ µ insulation from. so µ s experience to be useful for teaching their µµ students.• Detergent: to break the r µ µ vranes cells, in whichydrofoboi commitments prevail µ s of phospholipids. The presence of ions To +It helps that the crushing of the µ that no mechanical µ (violent), but economically µ µ Chemistry (e)crushing of µ µ µ s commitments electrostatic between protein and DNA resulting µ µ sthe precipitation of proteins.• Heating µ marking: crushing µ ieykolynetai the cells, because it increases the process oflysis of cell the µ e µ membrane configurations. At the same time the nucleases (exwnoykleasesand digests) of cells inactivated due turn and µ is notAct against the fibrils of the nucleic acid to cut into smaller µKo µ µ eyes.

Αποτελέσματα (Αγγλικά) 2:

Isolation of DNA is not something simple. There are various protocols for
DNA isolation experiments .Merika seem simple. There are also differences
depending on the type of tissue, plant (tomato, onion, banana, kiwi, strawberry) or
animal (epithelial cells from our oral cavity, thymus, liver from
chicken or beef). In any event required to clearly understand who
is to DNA, the structure of the molecule, with what techniques and what materials
we seek isolation, .etsi that the experiment is useful for teaching the
students.
• Detergent: To break the cell membranes, which
prevail hydrophobic bonds of phospholipids. The presence of Na + ions
helps to break this being not mechanically (forced) but chemically with the
breaking of the electrostatic bonds between proteins and DNA resulting in
the precipitation of proteins.
• Heating: facilitates the breaking of the cells, it increases the process of
solution of the cell membranes. Furthermore nucleases (exonucleases
cells and endonucleases) are inactivated due to denaturation and does not
act against the fibrils of the nucleic acids to be cut into smaller
pieces.

Αποτελέσματα (Αγγλικά) 3:

The separation of DNA from a single individual is not a simple matter. There are a variety of Protocols ResearchThe alpha pi / Omega sigma ETA v. Mu epsilon Rho iota kappa looks simple DNA. There are also differencesAccording to the different tissue types, plant (tau / tau kappa epsilon alpha, Rho iota Delta, PI alpha v v alpha, kiwi, strawberry), orAnimal (from oral epithelial cells of glandular cavity, we / theta, liverChicken or calf. In any case, we need to be clearIn DNA molecular structure and technology, what with what materialThe alpha Omicron pi sigma Omega nu. Tau sigma iota epsilon PI iota iota delta kappa epsilon / V, experimental teaching is useful toStudents.Detergent: break the membrane of the cell in whichThere is a link of rabies phospholipid. The presence of + ionsThis helps to ensure that the failure becomes ETA Chi alpha iota kappa V (Bao Li), but with the chemicalRelationship between the effect of DNA and electrostatic destruction of proteinPrecipitated protein.The process of heating: - V / lambda iota epsilon kappa alpha iota tau epsilon V cell damage, because of increasedCell beta alpha epsilon Rho V V to solve them. Nucleic acid enzyme (parallelV / V / V epsilon delta kappa epsilon sigma epsilon lambda) and inactivated cells, because there is no / V sigma Omega epsilon tau sigma ETAThe effect of the fibers on the nucleic acid can be reduced in the smallerThe other is iota tau kappa alpha.