Ο σχολικός εκφοβισμός (bullying) συ

Ο σχολικός εκφοβισμός (bullying) συνιστά μορφή επιθετικής συμπεριφοράς που αναπτύσσεται στο σχολικό περιβάλλον και αποκτά ιδιαίτερα ανησυχητικές διαστάσεις στη σημερινή εποχή. Παρόλο που σαν φαινόμενο επισημαίνεται και καταγράφεται τη δεκαετία του 1970, ασφαλώς η γέννησή του είναι προγενέστερη καθώς η βίαιη εκδήλωση συμπεριφορών στα πλαίσια της σχολικής ζωής προϋπήρχε αλλά δεν είχε αισθητοποιηθεί σε τέτοιο βαθμό που να γίνει αντικείμενο επισταμένης έρευνας.

Εκδηλώνεται με ποικίλους τρόπους και ως όρος χρησιμοποιείται για βίαιες ή επιθετικές πράξεις που ασκούνται επανειλημμένα από ένα παιδί ή από μια ομάδα παιδιών εναντίον ενός συμμαθητή τους, με απώτερο στόχο να του προκαλέσουν σωματικό ή και ψυχικό πόνο και αναστάτωση. Έχει τη μορφή: του λεκτικού εκφοβισμού (προσβολές, παρατσούκλια, διάδοση φημών, υβριστικά σχόλια, κοροϊδία, διακρίσεις, σεξουαλικά σχόλια), της σωματικής βίας (χτυπήματα, σπρωξίματα, κλωτσιές, σπρώξιμο κ.α), του κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού και της περιθωριοποίησης από ομαδικές δραστηριότητες και του ηλεκτρονικού εκφοβισμού (απειλητικές εκφράσεις μέσω του Διαδικτύου, του ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου και μηνυμάτων στο κινητό τηλέφωνο).

Η Εταιρία Ψυχοκοινωνικής Υγείας του Παιδιού και του Εφήβου μετά από έρευνα που πραγματοποίησε σε συνεργασία με τη Παιδαγωγική Σχολή του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης κατέληξε στο συμπέρασμα ότι τα αγόρια είναι πιο συχνά θύτες και θύματα της εκφοβιστικής συμπεριφοράς που εμφανίζεται στο σχολικό περιβάλλον, Συνήθως χρησιμοποιούν τον άμεσο εκφοβισμό και επιτίθενται σωματικά ενώ τα κορίτσια χρησιμοποιούν τον έμμεσο εκφοβισμό διαδίδοντας φήμες, ασκώντας κοινωνική κριτική και αποκλείοντας παιδιά από ομαδικές δραστηριότητες.

Οι αιτίες που οδηγούν νέους μαθητές στην υιοθέτηση απειλητικών ενεργειών εναντίον των συνομηλίκων τους ασφαλώς είναι ποικίλες:

α) Η επιθυμία των θυτών να αποκτήσουν δημοφιλή εικόνα μέσω της επιβλητικής συμπεριφοράς τους. Θεωρούν ότι διαθέτουν την ικανότητα και την ευχέρεια να κατευθύνουν τις επιλογές των συμμαθητών τους με γνώμονα την προσωπική τους αξιολόγηση και δημιουργούν την αίσθηση στον περίγυρό τους ότι αν δεν συμπλεύσουν με τα κριτήριά τους θα είναι αντιμέτωποι με το μένος τους.

β) Η προσπάθειά τους να εξοβελίσουν πρόσωπα που διαθέτουν διαφορετικά γνωρίσματα και δεν ακολουθούν τα πρότυπα εμφάνισης, σκέψης και συμπεριφοράς που οικειοποιείται η πλειοψηφία των εφήβων. Στην πραγματικότητα εκδηλώνουν την αποστροφή τους σε αυτό που τους δίνει την αίσθηση του αλλιώτικου και του διαφοροποιημένου από εκείνο που επικρατεί.
Οι συνέπειες από την ύπαρξη του σχολικού εκφοβισμού είναι πολυεπίπεδες και σημαντικές;

Η χρήση και η αποδοχή της βίας ως μέσο επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των παιδιών και ως τρόπος επίλυσης των προβλημάτων και των διαφορών τους, επιδρά στην κοινωνικοποίησή τους. Στο σχολικό περιβάλλον καλλιεργείται κλίμα φόβου, ανασφάλειας, διαρκούς αγωνίας και άγχους με αποτέλεσμα να ανακόπτεται η ικανότητα της μάθησης και να αναπτύσσονται αντικοινωνικές μορφές συμπεριφοράς.
Οι εκπαιδευτικοί χάνουν την παιδαγωγική τους αξιοπιστία στα μάτια των μαθητών καθώς είτε αγνούν το μέγεθος των προβλημάτων, είτε παρουσιάζονται ανεπαρκείς για την πρόληψη και την αντιμετώπισή τους. Επομένως το σχολικό περιβάλλον μετατρέπεται σε αρένα επιβίωσης των ισχυρότερων με θύτες και θύματα να καθορίζουν την ποιότητα της καθημερινής σχολικής ζωής.
Οι τρόποι αντιμετώπισης του σχολικού εκφοβισμού οφείλουν να είναι καίριοι και συντονισμένοι:
Η πρόληψη είναι επιτακτική αναγκαιότητα και σε επίπεδο οικογενειακής δομής. Οι γονείς οφείλουν να μεγαλώνουν τα παιδιά τους και να διαπλάθουν το χαρακτήρα τους με γνώμονα υγιείς ανθρωπιστικές αξίες και αρχές. Πρέπει να αξιοποιούν το διάλογο και να ενθαρρύνουν την ανάπτυξη των έμφυτων κλίσεων και των ταλέντων τους. Είναι οφέλιμη η καλλιέργεια του σεβασμού προς τους συνανθρώπους και η επιβράβευση και αναγνώριση των προσπαθειών τους ώστε να ενισχύεται η αυτοεκτίμησή τους.
Οι εκπαιδευτικοί πρέπει να ανανεώνουν όχι μόνο το γνωστικό δυναμικό τους αλλά και τις παιδαγωγικές δεξιότητές τους και να επιμορφώνονται για την αντιμετώπιση των φαινομένων που διαταράσσουν την ομαλή λειτουργία της σχολικής κοινότητας και παρεμποδίζουν την κοινωνικοποίηση των μελών του.

Αποτελέσματα (Αγγλικά) 1:

The school bullying (bullying) is a form of aggressive behaviour developed in the school environment and obtains particularly worrying dimensions in this day and age. Although as a phenomenon is noted and recorded in the 1970s, the birth is earlier as the violent manifestation of behaviors in the context of school life had existed but had not been aisthitopoiithei to such an extent as to become the subject of sustained research.It manifests itself in a variety of ways and as a term used for violent or aggressive acts carried out repeatedly by a child or by a child against a team of their classmate, with the ultimate aim to cause physical and/or psychic pain and inconvenience. Has format: the word intimidation (insults, nicknames, spreading rumors, ybristika reviews, spoof, discrimination, sexual comments), physical abuse (blows, pokes, kicks, shoving, etc.), social exclusion and marginalization of group activities and electronic bullying (threatening expressions via the Internet, email and mobile phone messages).The company psychosocial health of children and adolescents after research carried out in collaboration with the Faculty of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki concluded that boys are more often the aggressors and victims of ekfobistikis behavior that appears in the school environment, usually using an immediate intimidating and physically attacking while girls use the indirect intimidation spreading rumors by exerting social criticism and excluding children from group activities.The causes that lead young students in taking threatening actions against their peers certainly are varied:(a)) the desire of the attacker to gain popular image through imposing their behavior. They believe that they have the ability and discretion to direct the choices of their peers based on their own evaluation and create the sense in their environment that if not ready with their criteria would be confronted with their fury.b) trying to eliminate persons who have different traits and don't follow the templates, thought and behaviour that usurp the majority of teenagers. In fact manifest their aversion to what gives them a sense of alliwtikoy and diversified than that which prevails.The consequences of the existence of school bullying is multilevel and important?The use and acceptance of violence as a means of communication between children and as a way of solving problems and of their differences, their impact on koinwnikopoiisi. In the school environment cultivated climate of fear, insecurity, permanent agony and anxiety leading to inhibited the ability of learning and to develop antisocial forms of behaviour.Teachers lose their credibility in the eyes of pedagogy of students as either agnoyn the magnitude of problems, or are insufficient to prevent and deal with them. Therefore the school environment turns into survival of the strongest arena with aggressors and victims to determine the quality of everyday school life.The ways of dealing with school bullying should be key and tuned:Prevention is an urgent necessity and the family structure. Parents are obliged to raise their children and to their diaplathoyn character-driven sound humanitarian values and principles. We must take advantage of the dialogue and to encourage the development of innate inclinations and of their talents. Ofelimi is the cultivation of respect for fellow human beings and the rewarding and recognition of their efforts in order to enhance their self-esteem.Teachers need to renew not only their capacity but cognitive and pedagogical skills and educated to deal with phenomena that disrupt the smooth functioning of the school community and hinder the socialization of its members.

Αποτελέσματα (Αγγλικά) 2:

The bullying (bullying) is a form of aggression that is developed in the school environment and particularly frightening today. Although as a phenomenon noted and recorded in the 1970s, of course the birth is earlier as the violent manifestation of behaviors in school life existed but had aisthitopoiithei to such an extent as to become the object of thorough investigation. It manifests itself in different ways and as a guest used violent or aggressive acts repeatedly performed by a child or by a group of children against a classmate with a view to cause physical or mental suffering and inconvenience. It has the form: the word bullying (insults, nicknames, spreading rumors, derogatory comments, ridicule, discrimination, sexual comments), physical violence (blows, shoves, kicks, pushing, etc.), social exclusion and marginalization of collective activities and electronic bullying (threatening expressions via the Internet, electronic mail and messaging on the mobile phone). The Association for the Psychosocial Health of Children and Adolescents after a survey conducted in collaboration with the School of Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki concluded that boys are more often bullies and victims of bullying occurring in schools, usually employ the direct intimidation and attack physically, while girls use indirect bullying by spreading rumors, exercising social criticism and excluding children from group activities. The causes that lead young Students in adopting threatening actions against their peers certainly are diverse: a) The desire of the perpetrators to gain popular image through their commanding behavior. They think that they have the ability and the power to direct the choices of their peers in the light of their own assessment and create the feeling of those around them that unless they go along with their criteria will be faced with their fury. b) attempting to oust persons having different characteristics and do not follow the emergence of standards of thought and conduct which appropriates the majority of adolescents. In fact express their aversion to what gives them a sense of ALLIOTIKA and diversified than that prevails. The consequences of the existence of bullying is multifaceted and important? The use and acceptance of violence as a means of communication between children and as a way of solving problems and of their differences, effect on their socialization. In the school environment cultivated climate of fear, insecurity, ongoing anguish and anxiety leading to slowing down of the ability to learn and develop antisocial behaviors. Teachers are losing their educational credibility in the eyes of students as either Agnountos the magnitude of problems or presented insufficient to prevent and deal with them. Therefore, the school environment is converted into survival arena stronger with perpetrators and victims to determine the quality of everyday school life. The ways to deal with bullying should be key and tuned: Prevention is an urgent necessity and in terms of family structure. Parents must raise their children and of developing their character-driven sound human values ​​and principles. They must utilize dialogue and encourage the development of innate aptitudes and talents. It is beneficial in the culture of respect for fellow human beings and reward and recognition for their efforts to enhance their self-esteem. Teachers need to update not only their cognitive potential and their pedagogical skills and are trained to deal with phenomena disrupting the smooth operation of the school community and hinder the socialization of its members.

Αποτελέσματα (Αγγλικά) 3:

The Enigma intimidation (bullying) constitutes an aggressive behavior developed in the school environment and is particularly alarming in this day and age.Although as a phenomenon is identified and recorded during the 1970s,Of course the birth is earlier as well as the violent event behavior in the context of school life existed before but had not αισθητοποιηθεί to such an extent as to be studied carefully research.

Occurs in a number of ways and as term used for violent or aggressive acts carried out on several occasions by a child or by a group of children against a college associate,With a view to cause bodily or emotional pain and distress. Has the form: the racially motivated verbal attacks intimidation (insults, παρατσούκλια, spreading rumours, abusive remarks about, mockery, discrimination, sexual comments),The physical violence (impacts, nudges, kick, push, (a),Social exclusion and marginalisation from group activities and electronic bullying (threatening expressions via the Internet,The e-mail and messaging on the mobile phone) .

The company Psychosocial health of children and adolescents on the basis of a survey carried out in cooperation with the pedagogical Faculty of surgeon) from Thessaloniki University has come to the conclusion that theIt is most often culprits and victims of fearful behavior displayed in the school environment,Usually use the direct intimidation and attack physically while girls use indirect intimidation by spreading rumours,By applying social criticism and excluding children from group activities.c) the causes which lead young students to adopt aggressive measures against their peers is certainly diverse:

(a) the desire of attackers to acquire popular image through the towering their behavior.They consider that they have the ability and the power to direct the choice of a team with their own assessment and create the feeling in their entourage that, if we do not respond toCriteria will be faced with the sentiments.Case (b) their attempt to eliminate persons who have different characteristics and does not follow the standard display, thought and behavior that appropriating the majority of young people.In fact express their aversion to that which gives them the feeling of αλλιώτικου and differentiated from that which prevails.The consequences of the existence of school bullying is multi-level and substantial;

The use and acceptance of violence as a means of communication between the children and as a way of solving problems and the differences between them, affects the socialisation. In the school environment is cultivated climate of fear,Insecurity, constant anxiety and stress leading to inhibit the ability of learning and to develop antisocial behavior.Teachers lose their pedagogical credibility in the eyes of the pupils as well as either αγνούν the size of problems, or are inadequate for the prevention and response.Therefore the school environment is converted into arena survival of the strongest with offenders and victims to determine the quality of the daily school life.The ways of dealing with school bullying must be crucial and coordinated: prevention is crucial and a level family structures.Parents need to grow up their children and to-formers the character with healthy humanitarian values and principles.Must utilize the dialog and to encourage the development of talent as well as gradients and their talents.Is working the culture of respect for our fellow human beings and the reward and recognition of their efforts in order to enhance self-esteem and self-.
Teachers must renew not only the knowledge potential but also the teaching skills and to take account of the treatment of phenomena which disrupt the smooth functioning of theCommunity and interfere with the socialization of its members.