Test setup and instrumentsThe section in which the monitoring instruments were installed is located at the mileage of DK207 + 570 and the filling was conducted from July 31 to November 24, 2010, with some construction interruptions. The soft soil foundation of the testing section was treated using tube piles (Type: PHC 500 A 100-12; diameter: 0.50 m; thickness: 0.1 m; concrete grade: C35), pile caps (concrete grade: C35; length and width: 1.6 m; height: 0,35 m), cushions, geogrids and ground beams (which adopted C35 concrete and were cast-in-place), as shown in Fig. 2. In the construction process of cushion layer, a layer of 0.2 m rubble was first paved, then a 0.05 m thickness of fine sand was filled; finally, the geogrid was installed above the fine sand layer. This construction process repeated for three times, and the final height of the cushion layer accounts for 0.7 m. The geogrids adopt the glass fiber with the type of GG8080 and the relevant design value of bidirectional tensile strength ranges from 80 to 100 kN /m. The fillings of the subgrade were constructed layer by layer to satisfy a specific compactness, and the filling types and correspond- ing parameters are listed in Table 1.The earth pressure cell can be used to investigate the
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