The Raman and infrared spectra of the samples (Fig. 2b,c) exhibit features that are typical of Ni(OH)2. In particular, the two broad peaks at 453 and 534 cm 1 (Fig. 2b) can be attributed to the symmetric Ni–OH stretching mode22,23 and to vibrations of the Ni–O stretching mode22–24 and/or to modes associated with structural defects, respectively. The latter are sensitive to crystalline order24 and defects23. The absorption bands are blue-shifted compared with those of the crystalline phase, possibly due to the many defects and disorder within the amorphous phase.
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